Manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5 titanium, Proflow's titanium exhaust manifold stud kits for most popular engines are a perfect upgrade over your factory studs when chasing some big power! It is common for the factory manifold studs to come loose and fail over time due to the heat cycles produced by the cylinder head, and this can become a bigger issue especially when you are using aftermarket bolt-ons. These studs come with washers and 12-point nuts which provide a larger clamping force, achieved by the bigger washer diameters, decreasing the chances of these studs vibrating loose over time. Titanium also emits fantastic anti-corrosion and mechanical properties, making these studs a great long term choice when fastening your turbo exhaust manifold.